Financial Reporting and Analysis
FSA-01 | describe the roles of the key financial statements (statement of financial position, statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity, and statement of cash flows) in *uating a company’s performance and financial position; |
describe the importance of financial statement notes and supplementary information —including disclosures of accounting policies, methods, and estimates— and management’s commentary; |
常见的财务报告 Financialfootnotes
Providesinformation that is essential to understanding the information provided in theprimary statements可以帮助更好地理解主报表中的内容.
Disclose thebasis of preparation for the financial statements(如IFRS准则之下)
Discloseaccounting policies, methods and estimates
Management’sDiscussion and Analysis
注意,这里的考核方式就是会问哪个信息是应该被包含在MD&A,FOOTNOTES中的。
Audit’s reports
概念:The company’sannual reports are required to be audited by an independent accounting firm.必须是独立的第三方的审计机构。
目标:To obtainreasonable assurance that financial statement is free from materialmisstatement.注意是在合理范围内确保没有重大错误,那么绝对确保没有一点点错误这样的说法就是不对的(not absoluteassurance about the accuracy of F/S表,因为审计只是using audit sampling techniques),注意辨析!
分类: unqualifiedaudit opinion, qualified auditopinion,adverse opinion
According toSarbanes-Oxley Act, auditors must also express an opinion on the company’sinternal control system. 同时要出具公司内控状况的意见
Proxy statements
Information onmanagement and director compensation高管的薪酬
Company stockperformance, issuance of stock options
Potentialconflicts of interest between management, the board and shareholders.
Election of boardmembers, management qualifications
高顿正能量:任何的限制,都是从自己的内心开始的。