Question：Which of the following is an example of 'positive discrimination' rather than 'positive action' on equal opportunities?
　　A. Implementing training for women in managerial skills
　　B. Selecting a certain number of people from ethnic minorities for jobs, regardless of job-relevant selection criteria
　　C. Setting targets for the number of people from ethnic minorities that the organisation would like to see in managerial positions
　　D. Using ethnic languages in job advertisements
　　The correct answer is:Selecting a certain number of people from ethnic minorities for jobs, regardless of job-relevant selection criteria
　　Rationale:Positive discrimination (treating a minority group 'unfairly' well) is not permitted, except in relation to training provision.
　　'Quotas' are positive discrimination, because selection decisions cannot be justified on non-discriminatory grounds: 'targets' (as in 'Setting targets for the number of people from ethnic minorities that the organisation would like to see in managerial positions') are 'positive action' - because they lead organisations to encourage under-represented groups to apply for jobs, and make non-discrimination a performance measure for selectors.