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　　2.1 The main functions within an organisation
　　The main departments in a business organisation are as follows:
　　DepartmentRoleKey concerns
　　Research and development§ Improving existing products
　　§ Developing new products§ Anticipating customer needs
　　§ Generating new ideas
　　§ Testing
　　§ Cost
　　purchasing§ Acquiring the goods and services necessary for the business§ Price and payment terms
　　§ Quality
　　§ Stock levels/delivery schedules
　　Production§ Converting raw materials into finished goods§ Quality （of materials and finished goods）
　　§ Costs
　　§ Wastage/efficiency
　　§ Stock levels/production schedules
　　Direct service provision§ Providing service to clients （e.g. accountancy firm）§ Quality
　　§ Time sheets/scheduling
　　marketing§ Identifying customer needs
　　§ Market research
　　§ Product design
　　§ Pricing
　　§ Promotion
　　§ Distribution§ Customer needs　§ Quality
　　§ Promotional strategy
　　§ Distribution channel strategy
　　§ Pricing strategy
　　administration§ Administrative support
　　§ Processing transactions§ Efficiency
　　§ Information processing
　　Finance§ Bookkeeping
　　§ Financial reporting
　　§ Financial controls
　　§ Budgeting
　　§ The raising of capital§ Accuracy and completeness of record keeping
　　§ Monthly management reporting
　　§ Annual financial reporting
　　Human resources§ Job analysis and job design
　　§ Recruitment and selection
　　§ Performance appraisal
　　§ Rewards （e.g. setting pay）
　　§ Training and develop
　　§ Grievances and discipline§ Staff competence
　　§ Staff commitment/motivation
　　§ Cost
　　§ Staff welfare （e.g. stress）
　　§ Compliance （e.g. equal opportunities legislation）
　　Test your understanding 7
　　Which of the following is not part of the responsibility of a research and development department?
　　A Improving existing products.
　　B Developing new products.
　　C Researching new technologies for application to future products.
　　D Researching market demand for products.
　　小编寄语：只要功夫深，铁杵磨成针。考试也是这样，只要够努力，功到自然成。
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