以下是高顿网校为大家整理的：F4公司法与商法第十六章，希望对考生们有所帮助。
 
　　4 Objects clause
　　4.1 (a) This sets out the objects (ie purpose) of the company and defines the company's contractual capacity.
　　(b) This was designed to protect shareholders.
　　(c) Prior to the Companies Acts 1985 and 1989, if a company entered into a contract which was outside its objects ("ultra vires") that contract was void and unenforceable by either party to it.
　　(d) This rule could operate unfairly on third parties entering into transactions with the company since they were deemed to have 'constructive notice' of the memorandum.
 
　　Companies
　　4.2 (a) A company may in effect opt out of the ultra vires rule all together by stating that the object of the company is to carry on business as 'a general commercial company' .
　　(b) However, many companies still have "traditional" objects clauses, and therefore the rules as to "ultra vires" transactions are still relevant.
 
　　Remedies for an ultra vires transaction
　　4.3 (a) Remedies for shareholders
　　(i) Shareholders can restrain an ultra vires act by seeking an injunction. This can only be done before the act becomes binding
　　(ii) They can sue directors for breach of duty
　　(iii) They can ratify the ultra vires act by special resolution (NB. they require a separate special resolution to absolve the directors from liability for breach of duty)
　　(b) Remedies for third parties
　　(i) The doctrine of ultra vires has effectively been abolished
　　(ii) 'The validity of an act done by a company shall not be called into question on the grounds of lack of capacity by reason of anything in the company's memorandum'.
　　(iii) Constructive notice no longer applies.
 
　　Alteration of the objects clause
　　4.4 (a) The objects can be altered by a special resolution
　　(b) A copy of the resolution must be sent to the Registrar within 15 days of its adoption; he will publish it in the London Gazette.
　　(c) Minority protection
　　(i) Persons eligible: Dissenting members
　　(ii) Procedure: Application to court
　　(iii) Outcome: Court does “as it thinks fit”
　　(d) A copy of the amended memorandum must be sent to the Registrar after the 21 day period has expired.
 
　　高顿网校小编寄语：你一定能行的！你要相信自己！对自己要有信心！我等你的好消息！

 　　ACCA官方微信　　　　
　　扫一扫微信，*9时间获取2014年ACCA考试报名时间和考试时间提醒
　　
　　高顿网校特别提醒：已经报名2014年ACCA考试的考生可按照复习计划有效进行！另外，高顿网校2014年ACCA考试辅导高清课程已经开通，通过针对性地讲解、训练、答疑、模考，对学习过程进行全程跟踪、分析、指导，可以帮助考生全面提升备考效果。
　　
　　报考指南：2014年ACCA考试备考指南
　　免费题库：2014年ACCA考试免费题库
　　考前冲刺：ACCA备考秘籍
　　高清网课：ACCA考试网络课程