高顿网校小编为您整理的：F4公司法与商法第二章
 
　　3 Statute (primary law)
 
　　3.1 Acts of Parliament:
　　Created by parliament. All new statutes should be compatible with HRA 98. Courts cannot strike out an Act of Parliament.
　　Procedure:
　　Green paper: Discussion document
　　White paper: Statement of policy
　　(a) First reading
　　No debate - Bill is introduced to the timetable of the house.
　　(b) Second reading
　　General debate and vote.
　　(c) Committee stage
　　Bill is scrutinized and amendments suggested.
　　(d) Report stage
　　Amendments reported back to the House.
　　(e) Third reading
　　Brief debate and vote.
　　(f) Same procedure in other House
　　(House of Lord's has power to amend and delay passage of Bill: Parliament Acts 1911-1949).
　　(g) Royal assent
　　Study point: Ensure you know what happens at each stage.
 
　　3.2 Delegated Legislation: (Secondary law)
　　Created by persons/bodies to whom parliament has delegated powers e.g. government ministers, local authorities, Inland Revenue and Customs and Excise. Delegation made possible by an 'Enabling' Act.
 
　　(a) Types:
　　 Orders in Council
　　 Byelaws
　　 Statutory instruments
　　- Acts of devolved assemblies
 
　　(b) Controls:
　　 Parliamentary: House of Commons committee on statutory instruments
　　- Statutory instruments must be laid before parliament prior to enactment although some require positive parliamentary approval
　　- Judicial: Courts may declare them "ultra vires" (beyond capacity) (unlike Primary Acts). They must be compatible with HRA 98.
　　- Ministerial: bye-laws must be approved by a minister
 
　　(c) Advantages:
　　 saves time
　　 technical and local expertise
　　 allows for swift alterations in the law to keep pace with changing social and historical conditions
 
　　(d) Disadvantages:
　　 lack of democratic accountability
　　 attack on concept of parliamentary sovereignty
　　 concentrates power in the hands of civil servants
　　 complexity and bulk
　　- can be attacked in courts which may lead to uncertainty.
 
　　Study point: Revisit this area having noted the impact of HRA 98 in Chapter 4.
 
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