*9大题是考财务指标ratio的，列了2个公司的BS，IS。
1.定义horizontal analysis, vertical analysis，ratio analysis, 并说明怎样应用这三种来决定a1的投资公司
2.定义下current ratio 和 debt to equity ratio,并计算，并说明代表的含义，以及对比应用
3.用杜邦分析法计算下ROE。（杜邦分析法定义、完整的计算过程、特点，其中有杜邦中的net profit margin ratio和 gross profit margin ratio计算）并比较两个公司的那个公司运营好，杜邦中怎样体现公司的financial leverage
ROE=(net income/net sales)*(net sales/average total assets)*(average total assets/average common equity)
4.定义operating leverage and??financial leverage，并计算。
operating leverage:at a certain amount of fixed cost,the effect of changes in sales quantity on change in EBIT
?financial leverage:at a certain amount of interest expenses,the effect of change in EBIT on change in net income
5.在同一产业里2家公司的可比性受什么因素影响
会计制度选择的不同，报表的美化等等
6.如果站在short Term lender 和 equity investor 两个角度 选择ration 来评价公司 以及为什么
Lender:solvency & liquidity It measures the firm’s ability to repay the debt
equity:profitability ratio&market ratio It reflects how much the investor can earn through investing the company
7.公司的成本结构如何影响the stability of profit
If the FC occupies a high proportion of cost structure ,i.e. The leverage is high, the changes in sales will bring a greater changes in profits
