FSA-02 | describe general principles of revenue recognition and accrual accounting, specific revenue recognition applications (including accounting for long-term contracts, installment sales, barter transactions, gross and net reporting of revenue), and implications of revenue recognition principles for financial analysis |
calculate revenue given information that might influence the choice of revenue recognition method |
(Specificrevenue recognition)
Long-term contracts
Percentage-of-Completion Method(POC, US GAAP &IFRS都可以用这个方法)
定义:revenue andassociated cost and profit are recognized as the work is performed,因此每年都要reported profit.
适用于the project's cost and revenue can be reliably estimated
POC较为激进,依赖于管理层的估计,但是better matching of revenue recognition,利润表在最后阶段不至于波动太剧烈
步骤:先确认当期COGS, 再确认工程进度,最后确认Revenue
Complete Contract Method (CC,只有US GAAP可以用这个方法)
定义:一开始不确认any income,直到合同结束才确认profit.
适用于the project's cost and revenue can NOT be reliably estimated . (Revenue=COGS=0)
CC较为保守,较为客观,无需任何估计, 但NI的波动剧烈。
IFRS:对于long-term contract, the project's cost and revenue can NOT be reliably estimated。
定义:一开始确认revenue= COGS≠0。直到合同结束确认project.(即revenue≠COGS)
Installment sales 赊销
产品卖出之后,买家分期付款。Revenue and associated cost of goods sold are recognized only when cash is received.
Installment method
适用于collectibility can not be reasonably estimated.
Profit=cash collected during the period*(total expected profit/sales)
Cost recovery method
适用于collectibility ishighly uncertain.
定义:Profit is recognized only when cash collected exceeds costs incurred.
高顿正能量:人的生命似洪水在奔流,不遇着岛屿、暗礁,难以激起美丽的浪花。