以下是高顿网校小编为学员整理的：p2公司报告，供学员参考。
 
　　Derivatives
　　A derivative is a financial instrument that derives its value from the price or rate of an underlying item.
　　Common examples of derivatives include:
　　(a) Forward contracts: agreements to buy or sell an asset at a fixed price at a fixed future date
　　(b) Futures contracts: similar to forward contracts except that contracts are standardized and traded on an exchange
　　(c) Options: rights (but not obligations) for the option holder to exercise at a pre-determined price; the option writer loses out if the option is exercised
　　(d) Swaps: agreements to swap one set of cash flows for another (normally interest rate or currency swaps)
 
　　IAS 32 Presentation of financial instruments
　　The objective of IAS 32: to enhance financial statement users understanding of the significance of on-balance-sheet and off-balance-sheet financial instruments to an entity’s financial position, performance and cash flows.
　　Financial instruments must be classified as liabilities or equity according to their substance.
　　Compound instruments are split into equity and liability components and presented accordingly in the statement of financial position.
　　IAS32 requires the component parts of the instrument to be classified separately, according to the substance of the contractual arrangement and the definitions of a financial liability and an equity instrument. Ie convertible debt.
 
　　高顿网校小编寄语：自信是成功的先决条件。

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