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　　4.4 Reorder level
　　The re-order level is the level of stockholding at which a fresh order is placed with a supplier.
　　Re-order level = maximum supply lead time (in days or weeks) maximum daily or weekly demand for the item.
 
　　What stock control system to use?
　　Minimum stock level
　　The minimum stock level for an item of stock is a warning level.
　　Minimum stock level = re-order level – (average demand for the item each day/month x average length of lead time in days/months)
 
　　Maximum stock level
　　The maximum stock level is a stock level that should never be exceeded.
　　Maximum stock level = reorder level + reorder quantity – (minimum usage per day x Minimum lead time per order)
 
　　Example :
　　Z Ltd. places an order of 500 units, to replenish its stock of a particular component
　　Whenever the stock balance is reduced to 300 units. The order takes at least four days
　　to be delivered and Z ltd. uses at least 50 components each day. What is the maximum
　　stock level?
 
　　Solution:
　　Reorder level : 300 units
　　Reorder quantity: 500 units
　　Minimum usage: 50 units (minimum usage) x 4 days (minimum lead time) = 200 units
　　Total = 300 + 500 – 200 = 600 units
　　The maximum level is 600 units.
 
　　Example :
　　Calculate the re-order level, minimum stock level and maximum stock level from the
　　Following date.
　　Minimum lead time 4 days
　　Average lead time 5 days
　　Maximum lead time 7 days
　　Maximum usage 500 units/day
　　Minimum usage 300 units/day
　　Re-order quantity 5,400 units
 
　　Solution:
　　Reorder level = Maximum usage x Maximum lead time
　　= 500 units x 7 days = 3500units
　　Minimum stock level = Reorder level – average demand for items x average lead time
　　= 3500 – 400 units x 5 days
　　= 1,500 units
　　Maximum stock level = Reorder level + reorder quantity – minimum lead time x
　　Minimum usage
　　= 3500 + 5400 – 300units x 4 days
　　= 7700 units
 
　　Example for the whole session:
　　1. A company determines its order quantity for a raw material by using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model.
　　What would be the effects on the EOQ and the total annual holding cost of a decrease in the cost of ordering a batch of raw material?
　　EOQ Total annual holding cost
　　A. Higher Lower
　　B. Higher Higher
　　C. Lower Higher
　　D. Lower Lower
　　Solution is D.
　　If there is a decrease in the cost of ordering a batch of raw material, then the EOQ will also be lower( as the numerator in the EOQ equation will be lower). If the EOQ is lower, than average inventory held (EOQ /2) with also be lower and therefore the total annual holding costs will also be lower.
 
　　2. What is the economic batch quantity used to establish?
　　Optimal
　　A. reorder quantity
　　B. reorder level
　　C. cumulative production quantity
　　D. inventory level for production
　　Solution is C
　　The economic batch quantity is used to establish the cumulative production quantity.
 
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