Choice "A" is an incorrect (false) statement and the correct choice. The best description of a value chain is that value starts with the suppliers who provide the raw materials for a production process, continues with the firm and its strategic plan, continues with the value created by the customers, and then ends with the disposal and recycling of the materials.
Choices "d", "c", and "b" are incorrect, as all are correct (true) statements with regard to value chain analysis. The question stem asks for those statements that are false.
