Choice "A" is correct. Transaction processing is the term used to describe processing large numbers of commonly occurring business events in a predefined, highly structured way. Common transaction processing systems include sales, cash receipts, accounts payable, etc.
Choice "b" is incorrect. The processing of data is part of transaction processing.
Choice "d" is incorrect. Transaction controls is not a term that describes the processing of business events. Transaction controls include policies and procedures used to safeguard assets, ensure accurate reporting, etc.
Choice "c" is incorrect. Information and communication is an element of the control grid described by the COSO and describes the efforts of an entity to capture information that will provide feedback on the effectiveness of controls.