The correct answer is: Upgrading the nominal ledger to the most recent version of the package.

This is unlikely to improve the quality of the information to such an extent that it will differentiate the organisation from the rest of the market. So, it will not confer competitive advantage.

If the quality of the decision making improves significantly through the introduction of an expert system, the organisation will be better placed than its rivals. It has gained a competitive advantage.

Being the first organisation to integrate the supply chain through the use of electronic data interchange is likely to produce competitive advantage because significant cost savings could be made.

If the senior management has access to better information through an executive information system, they are more likely to make better decisions. This has potential for creating competitive advantage.