Answer (A) is correct . A denial-of-service (DS) attack is an attempt to overload a system (e.g., a network or web server) with false messages so that it cannot function (a system crash). A distributed DS attack comes from multiple sources, for example, the machines of innocent parties infected by Trojan horses. When activated, these programs send messages to the target and leave the connection open. A DS may establish as many network connections as possible to exclude other users, overload primary memory, or corrupt file systems.
Answer (B) is incorrect because A man-in-the-middle attack takes advantage of network packet sniffing and routing and transport protocols to access packets flowing through a network.
Answer (C) is incorrect because A brute-force attack uses password cracking software to try large numbers of letter and number combinations to access a network.
Answer (D) is incorrect because Password-cracking software is used to access a network by using a large number of letter and number combinations.
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