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Kurt Lewin's force field analysis maps the forces that are pushing toward the preferred state (the driving forces) and the restraining forces, which are pushing back to the current state. Which two of the following describe restraining forces? A. Fear of losing special privileges, such as concessionary prices for the organisation's products or services. B. Response to pressure from the management - and thus a desire to reduce that pressure to acceptable proportions. C. Fear of dismissal if output falls below a reasonably well-defined rate acceptable to or tolerated by the management. D. Fear that once higher output norms have been established, the organisation will expect such norms to be sustained permanently. E. Dislike of the work itself. |