Answer (D) is correct . The declaration of a dividend results in an increase in current liabilities and a corresponding decrease in retained earnings (a shareholders’ equity account). Thus, the declaration of a dividend decreases shareholders’ equity. The subsequent payment of the dividend has no effect on shareholders’ equity because that transaction involves using cash (a current asset) to pay the previously recorded current liability.
Answer (A) is incorrect because Shareholders’ equity is decreased by the declaration of a dividend, but the payment of a previously declared dividend has no effect on shareholders’ equity. Answer (B) is incorrect because Shareholders’ equity is decreased by the declaration of a dividend, but the payment of a previously declared dividend has no effect on shareholders’ equity. Answer (C) is incorrect because Shareholders’ equity is decreased by the declaration of a dividend, but the payment of a previously declared dividend has no effect on shareholders’ equity.
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