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D is corrent because selling real estate (or, for that matter, other assets) at prices significantly different from appraised values leads one to question why the transaction occurred and whether it was truly "arm’s-length."
A is incorrect because granting stock options at favorable prices is not considered a related-party transaction.
B is incorrect because while high turnover of senior management and members of the board of directors may be considered a risk factor for fraud, it is not as likely as This answer to indicate the existence of related parties.
This answer is also incorrect because, while it represents a risky situation, it is less likely to indicate a related-party situation than this answer.