The correct answer is: A set of competence standards for your job or department

Rationale: A formal training needs analysis involves systematic study (at the level of the individual, job or department) of the required level of competence, the present/actual level of competence and any gap between them.

The other options are all ways in which learning needs may 'emerge' in the course of work:

'an e-mail reminding you that a new piece of legislation is about to come into effect' through monitoring developments in your field;

'a health and safety officer's report showing that a department failed its assessment in a recent fire evacuation drill' as a 'critical incident' and

'feedback from a colleague about the standard of your work' as on-going performance feedback.