题目解释:下面哪一种是垄断者和在市场激烈竞争者的最大区别?

考点: 垄断和激烈竞争的区别   关键词: monopoly   perfect competition

解题思路:找出两者的区别.在价格制定,供应方面的区别

As is true for any firm, the monopolist's maximum profit is at the point where its marginal revenue equals its marginal cost. Therefore, to maximize its revenue, the monopolist will set its output at the point where its marginal revenue equals its marginal cost.
In a monopoly, the firm produces less than the ideal output level. Compared with a perfectly competitive market, prices will be higher and output levels lower in a monopolized market. Additionally, options are limited to consumers as there is only one supplier of the product in the market.
The competitive firm does not set its price to maximize total revenue. The competitive firm is a price taker and is unable to influence the market price by either increasing or decreasing production. So whatever number of units it would like to sell, the competitive firm must sell all of them at the market price. Even though it has a monopoly on the market, the monopolist is still subject to the law of supply and demand. A monopolist's marginal revenue curve is below its demand curve because as production increases, a monopolist will have to lower its price for all the units it sells in order to get consumers to buy more of its output.
A monopolist's marginal revenue curve is below its demand curve because as production increases, a monopolist will have to lower its price for all the units it sells in order to get consumers to buy more of its output. Therefore, the additional (marginal) revenue received from producing an additional unit will be less than the price received for that unit. Here is an example: Quantity Total Marginal Price Sold Revenue Revenue $20 0 $0 18 1 18 $18 16 2 32 14 14 3 42 10 12 4 48 6 10 5 50 2 8 6 48 (2) In a perfectly competitive market, there are many buyers and sellers and customers are indifferent as to which seller they buy from. The product is standardized, so the same product is available from every seller. In a perfectly competitive market, the demand curve for any particular firm is perfectly elastic (horizontal). This is because the firm is a price taker and is unable to influence the price by either increasing or decreasing production. So whatever number of units it would like to sell, the firm must sell at the market price. If an individual firm tries to charge more than the market price, though, it will sell nothing. If it drops its price below the market price, it can still sell as much of its product as it wants to. But if it drops its price below the market price, its total revenue will be lower than it could have been, because it could have sold the exact same amount at the market price and earned more total revenue. In a perfectly competitive market, the marginal revenue from the sale of one more unit is equal to the market price.