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C is corrent. Perfection by filing a financing statement will not defeat all other parties who acquire an interest in the same collateral; rather, perfection by filing gives the secured party his best possible rights in the collateral. For example, purchasers from a merchant in the ordinary course of business take the collateral free from any prior perfected security interest. The only time a purchaser would take the collateral subject to a prior perfected security interest would be when the purchaser knew that the merchant was selling the goods in violation of a financing statement.
A is incorrect. A creditor need not perfect the security interest in order to enforce it against the debtor.
B is incorrect. Perfection by filing a financing statement will not defeat all other parties who acquire an interest in the same collateral.
D is incorrect. Perfection by filing a financing statement gives constructive notice, not actual notice, to the public.